Acton Commentary: The Gift by Robert Sirico
What is a gift? It is something provided to another without expecting or demanding anything in return. It is not an exchange, at least not intentionally. It is a pure provision from you to someone else. In that sense, it is always a sacrifice. We might gain from giving — winning affection, appreciation, good favor — but we must not expect this. It is a byproduct, an after-effect, and unintended result.
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There is nothing inherently selfish or greedy about exchanges. They reflect our desire to cooperate with others in a way that causes everyone to be made better off. Exchange is the basis of prosperity. It permits everyone to gain wealth together, and not at each other's expense.
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My lesson: While it is possible to distinguish giving from exchanging, it is a mistake to set these two types of human engagement against each other. Exchanging makes giving possible and more bountiful. Without exchange, without private property and a moral sense of its foundation, giving would be limited, impossible or morally dubious.
But neither can we say that the gift is dispensable, a pure luxury that we can either embrace or accept. Life would be cold and inhumane without the gift, simply because exchange relationships do not encompass the whole of civilized life. We must give to our children, spouses, parents, neighbors, religious congregations, and to those in need. We give to our benefactors out of appreciation. We give not only money and physical items but also time, talents, and hearts.
Another way to put this is that economics and charity (love) go hand in hand. They are distinct but not incompatible. Society can always use more of both. And how might we bring that about? By enhancing the sphere of freedom that permits us to act on each other’s behalf, for only freedom allows for the exercise of human volition that is behind both exchange and gifts.
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