The Poverty Trap

Greg Mankiw's Blog: The Poverty Trap

Implicit tax rates 2

Chapter 20 of my favorite textbook has a section on antipoverty programs and work incentives. One basic point is that when multiple income-based programs are piled on top on one another, the implicit marginal tax rate can reach or even exceed 100 percent.

The chart above (source, via Kling) illustrates this phenomenon. It shows income after taxes and transfers as a function of earned income. Notice that as earned income rises from about $15,000 to $30,000, income after taxes and transfers is roughly flat. Indeed, it could even fall. The bottom line: If you are poor, the government is inadvertently ensuring that you have little incentive to try to improve your condition.

Request to CBO: Can you please make and disseminate charts like the one above? …


Comments

3 responses to “The Poverty Trap”

  1. Mankiw’s textbook is riddled with ridiculous assumptions and the unrealistic or simply false simplistic models… …all predicated on humans “rational” actors with no regard to psychology, social sciences, game theory, etc.…
    Some better economic studies:
    Microeconomics by Samuel Bowles
    A Farewell to Alms by Gregory Clark

  2. I’ve never bought this argument. Nobody says “Oh, why get a job that pays $30,000 a year? I’ll just collect food stamps and live in section 8 housing, because it’s awesome. In fact, I’ll commit a crime and go to prison, so my food and housing are totally free, and I’ll get to wear a sweet jumpsuit. It’ll be great.”

  3. The challenge is that if you have the skills to earn $20,000, it will likely require sacrificing for a time to go to school and will likely require you to develop better work habits to get a $35,000. A year job. But as the chart shows, you are no better off.
    People who grow up in poverty have shorter time horizons (thus don’t do well with delayed gratification) than middle class and often have a great sense of futility about upward mobility.
    Thus, when you know others who do the work to get the $35,000 job and they don’t do better than you do at $20,000 it does dampen initiative. It is a very real phenomenon. Whether there perception is right, more than once I’ve heard teens living in poverty make this very case as the pointlessness for completing high school are getting more education.

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