Barack Obama’s New Chicago Politics Abandon Bill Clinton’s Winning Coalition

The Daily Beast: Barack Obama's New Chicago Politics Abandon Bill Clinton's Winning Coalition

No matter what Clinton says on Obama's behalf in Charlotte, the gentrification of the Democratic Party has gone too far to be reversed in this election, writes Joel Kotkin.

While the Democratic convention this week celebrates the party's new coalition, Bill Clinton will no doubt try to recapture the white middle class that's largely deserted the Democrats since his presidency ended. But it's likely his efforts will be a case of too little, too late for Barack Obama—who will have to look elsewhere for his electoral majority.

The gentrification of the Democratic Party has gone too far to be reversed in this election. After decades of fighting to win over white working- and middle-class families, Democrats under Obama have set them aside in favor of a new top-bottom coalition dominated by urban professionals—notably academics and members of the media—single women, and childless couples, along with ethnic minorities.

Rather than representing, as Chris Christie and others on the right suggest, the old, corrupt Chicago machine, Obama in fact epitomizes the city's new political culture, as described by the University of Chicago's Terry Nichols Clark, that greatly deemphasizes white, largely Catholic working-class voters, the self-employed, and people involved in blue-collar industries.

The Chicago that Obama represents is more Hyde Park or the Gold Coast than the Daley family base in blue-collar Bridgeport; more faculty club, media shop or Art Institute than the factory culture of "the city of Big Shoulders".

The traditional machine provided him with critical backing early in his political career, but Obama owes his success to new groups that have taken center stage in the increasingly liberal post-Clinton Democratic party: the urban "creative class" made up mostly of highly-educated professionals, academics, gays, single people, and childless couples. It's a group Clark once called "the slimmer family." Such people were barely acknowledged and even mistreated by the old machine; now they are primary players in the "the post-materialistic" party. The only holdovers from the old coalition are ethnic minorities and government workers. …

I think this is a fascinating analysis. There is one thing I'm curious about. Bill Clinton seemed to me to be a left-of-center Democrat. Obama seems to me to be a much more liberal Democrat. Yet I repeatedly read or hear Obama enthusiasts categorize Obama as a moderate Democrat. It is always a needle-across-the-record moment for me. I see him as easily the most liberal president we have ever had.

Let me be clear. In his book The Progress Paradox, Gregg Easterbrook notes that no president governs as ideologically as they campaign. Pragmatism tends to dominate. Consequently, pointing out a given act incompatible with an ideological position doesn't necessarily negate that position. It may simply mean that the act was the best that could be done in a given context.

How is Obama moderate and not liberal? Do you think he is as moderate or more so than Clinton? I'm particularly interested in hearing from folks who hold this view. (And while I realize we are in the middle of a campaign, could all sides keep the snarkiness to a minimum.)


Comments

7 responses to “Barack Obama’s New Chicago Politics Abandon Bill Clinton’s Winning Coalition”

  1. Dan Anderson-Little Avatar
    Dan Anderson-Little

    Mike,
    Let me take a crack at this–and I write this as someone who has generally been enthusiastic about Obama, but has at times found him not liberal enough.
    First let me begin by saying how much I don’t like the imprecise labels of “liberal” and “conservative”. For instance, in the classical use of the words liberal and conservative, I would say Obama is a bit more liberal than Bill Clinton when it comes to policy, but he is far more conservative when it comes to personal style (decision-making, impulsiveness). And both of them, to my way of thinking, are more conservative when it came to foreign affairs(cautious about what the US can actually affect in places like Iraq) than George W. Bush. So the terms are clumsy at best.
    But, I also know what you mean when you pose your question so here is my take on Obama. If being liberal means trusting the government to make society more fair and equitable, and to create certain outcomes (reducing poverty, making life healthier and safer) then I think Obama is a mixed bag. He certainly sees a strong role for government for doing these things, but he has pursued them rather cautiously. Just look at who he has promoted to work on the economy and regulate the banking industry–Timothy Geithner and Larry Summers aren’t radicals by any means. Obama has been slow to embrace same sex unions and same sex marriage and his embrace of the idea was done with a sense of modesty rather than trying to be a vanguard. His healthcare bill would only be considered liberal in the US–it is not government run or controlled health care–rather relying on the private sector to provide health care. He did support the individual mandate because the health insurance companies wouldn’t have otherwise participated. His plan isn’t all that different from what Clinton was working on in the 1990’s. His two choices for Supreme Court were on the liberal side, but I don’t think either of them are liberal like Scalia, Thomas or Alito are conservative. Obama has certainly expanded the role of government in some areas, but to my way of thinking that expansion has been pretty modest. I find his use of drones to prosecute the war on terror and his unwillingness to pursue war crimes against Bush Administration officials who sanctioned and implemented torture to be particularly illiberal.
    So all in all, I stick by my first contention that Obama is a mixed bag–to be sure he is a liberal, but the most liberal president we’ve ever had? I would probably give that designation to FDR and LBJ second. Now he maybe much more liberal than he has shown (I suspect he is), but with a gridlocked relationship with Congress, he hasn’t been able to do all that much after his first two terms.
    I would be interested to hear why you think he is the most liberal President we’ve ever had.
    As always, thanks for provocative posts!
    Dan

  2. Thanks, Dan. That is very helpful. I would think most liberals would agree with you in being dissatisfied with his performance on war and terror issues. This is one of those areas were I think Easterbrook is probably right about pragmatism trumping ideology. I suspect the values Obama articulated four years ago are the same but the pragmatic realities have checked his willingness to pursue them.
    I’ll hold on my view awhile. I’m really curious to see if anyone else has some thoughts.

  3. Dan, I agree with much of what you say. Saying that Obama is more conservative about foreign affairs doesn’t ring true with me. The “Apology Tour” came across to me as fairly liberal. It seems that Obama is being much more gentle with Iran than I would expect from any president except maybe Carter.
    I would definitely disagree with you about whether Obama Care is government run and controlled health care. Several other presidents with a D next to their name have tried and could not get a similar program passed.
    Where he seems to be the most liberal is in three areas. His energy policy seems far left radical. No drilling, subsidize Brazillian drilling, and block the Canadian pipeline. His anti-business agenda no matter the damage to the economy seems very leftist. His willingness, even eagerness to massively expand the debt is probably his most radically leftist position.
    Just my $0.02
    Dave Holtz-Oxley

  4. So Dan, here are my additional thoughts. I’m thinking about conservative and liberal in terms of the role of government. Here is my loose characterization.
    Libertarians would see government as a minimalist rule enforcer. Right of center folks see society as a web of social institutions, of which government is one. Government plays a key supplementary role, especially in areas where markets and private initiative are not well-suited to advancing the common good. Left of center folks also see government as supplementary, but are significantly less confident in the ability markets and private initiative to address challenges, and therefore see a more expansive role for government. Liberals see government as a societal manager, giving direction to the various social institutions, to the point that institutions take on subsidiary relationship to government policy and aims.
    I see Bill Clinton as left of center while Obama more closely approximates liberal. In the years leading up to his presidency, Obama explicitly talked about transforming America with a second Bill of Rights (which actually comes from FDR). Our present rights in the Bill of Rights are negative rights in that they articulate limits on government. Obama argued for a Bill of Rights for what government will (positively) provide … rights to a decent home, a meaningful job, healthcare, a good education, and so on. FDR championed this idea but I’m unaware of any Democratic President since (Truman, Kennedy, Johnson, Carter, or Clinton) to frame things in such terms.
    There is a substantial difference between ensuring no one is denied access to these various goods and saying the government must positively supply them … to say that it is in the public interest to make these goods as accessible as possible, if not universal, and saying citizens have a constitutional right to them. The latter view places government at the center of the agenda with societal institutions ultimately responsible to the government agenda. I believe Clinton held the former view and Obama holds the latter.
    The country was in deep economic problems when Obama took office and he did some initial work to address the calamity. But then he fixated on passing healthcare, going weeks at a time without any comment or visible action on the economy in the middle of the worst recession since the 1930s. Granted, healthcare was a significant problem, but I think it could easily be argued that there were equally or more important things to be spending political capital on. Why healthcare? Because it is a big step toward moving the nation to think in terms of positive rights.
    The Clinton Coalition tried to weave together a mixture of people from various social strata. Obama has dumped middle-class and white working-class voters for the new urban professionals, intellectuals, single women, while keeping minorities and unions. What do these groups have in common that the middle-class and working-class would have been an obstacle for? A high receptivity to this idea of positive rights.
    As to specific decisions made by Clinton or Obama it is always hard to draw conclusions based on specific actions because every president has to be pragmatic, realizing they can’t get or do everything they want. Has Obama been supportive of Gay marriage all along but had to shield his views for practical political reasons? I suspect so. Was Obama serious about his positions on war and Gitmo before being elected but has been stymied by political pragmatics? I suspect so. My perception is that what limits movement toward a more liberal society is not moderation in Obama’s views but rather simple pragmatism in being realistic about what he can accomplish and still hold power. I think Clinton had ideological differences that would not have taken him to thoroughly liberal agenda.
    That’s it. FWIW

  5. Michael:
    Can you send me to a citation for Obama endorsed FDR’s Second Bill of Rights? All my Google searches only get to Cass Sunstein doing so.

  6. Beau, what I remember was a radio interview he did while a state rep. I heard it in the summer of 2008. I think the link below is an excerpt from that interview (and there are clips that play the full four or five minutes) but I’m not sure this is the one I am remembering. Here he expresses his disappointment that the civil rights movement became so judicially focused … oriented as it is toward negative rights … and moved away from community organizing work that would have created coalitions of power to achieve redistributive ends (i.e., positive rights).


  7. Also this where Obama says healthcare should be a right.

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